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         LAYER MANAGEMENT

Current Scenario:

          India ranks 5th in world egg production

           ICMR recommendation - 180 eggs / annum /     person

          Tamil Nadu ranks 2nd in egg production.

                                                                1990       1995       2000(e)   2020(p)

          Egg production                 23           27           33                120

                (billion)

Egg Availability                                 28           30           33                 90

                per person

Human population         846         916         1000            1337 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

MANAGEMENTAL SYSTEMS

                Free Range System

                Semi Intensive System

                Intensive System            

                                                                                                Open Sided

                                #             Deep Litter

                                                                                                Environment                                                                                                                 Controlled

                                #             Cage

                                #             Elevated Cage

LOCATION OF THE FARM

*                      Elevated location with good drainage facilities

*                      Unfit for agricultural operations

*                      Power connections

*                      Well connected by road

*                      Sufficient potable water

*                      Away from other poultry farms ( min 5kms)

*                      Away from residential area

*                      Nearer to the market place

HOUSE CONSTRUCTION

Þ   No. of house construction will depend on system/s of   management.

Þ   Layer house arrangement 1+3,1+1+5 or 1+1+6.

Þ   Long. Axis should be E-W oriented.

Þ   Width not to exceed 30 ft.

Þ   Length can be between 100 to 200 feet

Þ   Side walls 1ft to 3 ft in height

Þ   Over the side wall chicken mesh fixed upto 6 to 9ft.

Þ   Roof can be asbestos or tiles.

Þ   Concrete flooring is must.

INNOVATION IN LAYER HOUSING

Elevated Cage Systems

Advantages

*Better ventilation, healthy flock, better egg production

*Better temperature and humidity control

*Minimize incoming dust

*Dilutes disease causing organisms

*Higher number of eggs/hen and better quality eggs

Construction details

*Pillar height -                               4.5ft to 6ft

*Length maximum -                     450ft

*Wire mesh height -                    8ft to 10ft

*Height of roof -                            14ft

*Automation in feeder and water preferred

BROODER MANAGEMENT (0-8 wks)

- Temperature requirement (950 F)

- Lighting 24hrs (1-2 watts/chick)

- Relative humidity (50 to 60%)

- Good ventilation

- Brooding capacity (500 chicks per brooder)

- Types of brooding

            #          Gas brooding

            #          Electric brooding

            #          Coal brooding                                            

BROODER MANAGEMENT (0-8 wks)

Space requirements

            #          Floor space              7 to 10 inch/chick

            #          Water space           0-2 weeks    0.5 cms

3-12      eeks   1.0 to 1.5 cms

            #          Feeder space          2.5 to 6.5cm/bird

 Other managemental practices

            #          Continuous water provision

            #          3 to 4 times feeding per day

            # Feed and water arrangement like spokes of wheel

            #          Dry litter maintenance

 

TYPICAL BROODER ARRANGEMENT

 

GROWER MANAGEMENT ( 9-20 wks)

«              Lighting                    only natural day light

«              Temperature          75 - 800 F

«              Litter

t                    Height           6 - 8 inches height

t                    Moisture      20 - 30%

Space requirement

t                    Floor space              1 sq.ft/bird

t                    Waterer space       1.5 to 2.0 inches/bird

t                    Feeder space          3 to 4 inches/bird

Other managemental practices

t                    Provision of clean water

t                    2 to 3 times feeding/day

LAYER MANAGEMENT (21-72 wks)

*          Space requirement

>        Floor space -           2 sq.ft/bird

>        Waterer space      -           2 to 3 inches/bird

>        Feeder space         -           4 to 5 inches/bird

*          Optimum temperature   -           210 C (700 F)

*          Humidity                  -           50% to 60%

*          Air velocity             -           200 ft/minute

*          Litter height           -           1 to 1.5 feet

*          Other managemental practices

>        Provision of clean water

>        2 to 3 times feeding

>        3 to 4 times egg collection

>        Nest boxes required in deep litter

LIGHTING MANAGEMENT

F     Step up lighting programme 1/2 hr extra light / week    from 18th week onwards

F     Total photoperiod - 16 hrs reached at 26th week and    maintained during full layering stage

F     Early lighting or late lighting undesirable

F     Tube light every 10 feet in the laying shed.

F     Arrangement of tube light in zig -zag manner

F     Light intensity @1 watt per bird

F     Brighter lights may be preferred in Cage systems due   to deck arrangement      

BIOSECURITY

*          Distance between two farms - at least 5kms

*          Distance between two sheds - at least 30 feet

*          Availability of waste disposal pit / incinerator

*          Regular water sanitation

*          Clean feeding practices

*          Prevention of visitors, wild birds, predators etc.,

*          Appropriate vaccination schedule to be followed

*          Identification and disposal of sick birds

*          Regular de-worming

*          De-beaking done at 3 week and 16 weeks of age

           

VACCINATION SCHEDULE

S. No Age                 Type of vaccine                  Route

01       Day old         Marek’s vaccine                s/c

02       5-7 days        Ranikhet DV(F)                  i/n or i/o

03       14-16 days   Infectious Bursal (IBD)    i/o

04       20th day       Infectious Bronchitis       water

05       28-30 days   Ranikhet DV (Lasota)       water

06       35-40 days   Infectious Bursal (IBD)    i/o

07       9th week      Ranikhet DV (K )                s/c

08       10th week   Fowl Pox                              wing web

09       13th week   Infectious Bronchitis       water

10       18th week   Ranikhet DV (K or R2B)    s/c

11       30-32 week Ranikhet DV (K or R2B)    s/c

 

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